Australia - EMK Global Australia

September 18, 2025

Family & Partner Visas in Australia: What You Need to Know (2025 Detailed Guide)

Australia’s migration system has made several changes in 2025 affecting family reunion via partner, parent, child and other dependent visas. Suppose you or your loved one are applying for a family or partner visa. In that case, this guide covers visa subclasses, eligibility rules, recent policy changes, cost details, documentation, timeframes, risks, and FAQs to help you prepare.

1. Overview of Family & Partner Visa Categories

Here are the main visa categories under “Family & Partner” migration in Australia:

Category	Purpose
Partner Visas	For spouses, de facto partners, and fiancé(e)s of Australian citizens, permanent residents or eligible NZ citizens.
Prospective Marriage Visa (Subclass 300)	If you intend to marry an Australian citizen / permanent resident / eligible NZ citizen but are currently outside Australia.
Parent Visas	Permanent or temporary visas for parents of Australian citizens or permanent residents. Includes contributory and non‑contributory parent visas.
Child / Adoption / Remaining Relative / Aged Dependent / Carer Visas	For dependent children, adopted children, relatives needing care, or family members who will be sponsored.

2. Key Policy Changes & Updates in 2025

Below are major changes that affect family & partner visas in 2025:

Visa Fee Increases: As of 1 July 2025, government charges for partner visas (subclasses 820/801 and 309/100, and Prospective Marriage subclass 300) increased.
Single-Stage Partner Visa Process: Legislation has changed, requiring sponsor approval before lodging partner visa applications. The process has been streamlined to reduce delays.
Stricter Eligibility / Evidence Requirements: Heightened scrutiny on the genuineness of relationships, cohabitation, social evidence, and financial interdependence. Sponsors may have to show more proof.
English Language Requirements: Increased emphasis on demonstrating functional English, especially for permanent partner visa stages / sponsors.
More Rigorous Health, Character, Police Checks: Applicants and sponsors must meet stricter health and character standards. Documents like police certificates may need to be fresher.
Balance of Family Test Clarifications: For parent visas, definitions of “eligible children,” counting of stepchildren or adopted children, residency status of children etc., are being more clearly applied.

3. Visa Types & Eligibility Requirements

Here’s a deeper look at the main visa subclasses and what they require.

Partner Visas

Visa Subclass	Onshore / Offshore	Key Requirements
820 / 801	Onshore (apply while in Australia)	Spouse or de facto partner of Australian citizen / PR / eligible NZ citizen. Genuine relationship, sponsor approval, cohabitation / relationship evidence. After temporary (820), then eligible for permanent (801).
309 / 100	Offshore (applicant applying from outside Australia)	Same relationship requirements. Must be married or in de facto relationship. Permanent stage (100) after temporary (309).
300 (Prospective Marriage)	Offshore / may also grant entry temporarily	You must intend to marry your sponsor within 9 months of visa grant. Relationship proof (though marriage hasn’t yet happened), sponsor eligibility etc.

Eligibility things to check:

Are you married or in de facto relationship? If de facto, often need at least 12 months of cohabitation (or proof of equivalent interdependence) depending on state.
Is your partner a citizen, permanent resident, or eligible NZ citizen?
Can you prove “genuine and continuing relationship” (see section 5).
Sponsor must meet character, financial, and sometimes English requirements.
Health & police checks.

Parent & Other Family Visas

Visa Subclass	Type (Permanent / Temporary)	Key Requirements
Subclass 143 (Contributory Parent, Permanent)	Permanent	Must pass balance of family test; sponsorship; higher fees; long wait times; financial capacity; health & character checks.
Subclass 103 (Non‑contributory Parent, Permanent)	Permanent	Same family test; lower fees, but very long processing times.
Subclass 870 (Sponsored Parent, Temporary)	Temporary	Doesn’t require balance of family test; maximum stay up to 5 years (renewable once totalling up to 10 years); sponsors must meet income requirements.
Others (Remaining Relative, Carer, Aged Dependent)	Permanent / Temporary	Usually strict eligibility; dependency; proof of care; familial relationship; limited places or quotas.

4. Sponsorship & Sponsor Obligations

The sponsor is usually the Australian partner, citizen/PR, or eligible relative. They have obligations and responsibilities, such as:

Being an Australian citizen, permanent resident, or eligible NZ citizen.
Being a partner or family member as defined.
Meet character requirements.
Financially support the visa holder, ensuring they aren’t likely to access certain government support (in some visas).
In some cases, meeting minimal income thresholds.
Signing declarations / legal undertakings regarding relationship genuineness.

Sponsor pre-approval is now required before lodging many partner visa applications.

5. Relationship Evidence: What Counts & What Doesn’t

To satisfy Home Affairs that your relationship is genuine, you’ll need substantial evidence. Useful categories include:

Cohabitation evidence: Joint lease or rental agreements; utility bills; joint ownership of property; shared residence history.
Financial interdependence: Joint bank accounts; shared bills; shared investments; evidence of shared expenses.
Social recognition: Photos of you together over time, with family/friends; shared travel; invitations or acknowledgments; social media etc.
Commitment over time: How long you’ve been together; major life events (weddings, travel, holidays, moving in together) etc.
De facto or married status: If married, a legal marriage certificate. If de facto, proof of living together or evidence of similar to cohabitation for required time.

Bad evidence or weak areas:

Gaps in cohabitation or frequent periods apart without explanation.
Inconsistent or changing stories or timelines.
Poor documentation (uncertified photocopies, untranslated docs without certification).
Over‑reliance on simple statements without supporting proof.

6. Costs, Fees & Other Expenses

2025 sees increased charges and additional “hidden” costs. Here’s a breakdown:

Cost Category	Estimated Amount / Notes
Government Application Fee (Partner Visas 820/801, 309/100, 300)	~ AUD 9,365 for main applicant as of 1 July 2025.
Dependents (over / under 18)	Approx AUD 4,685 (over‑18 dependent) & AUD 2,345 (under‑18 dependent) for Partner visas.
Health Checks / Medicals	Variable depending on country, age, and health history. Must be through approved providers.
Police Certificates	From all countries lived in for significant periods (often 12+ months) since age 16 or so. Must be current.
Translation / Certified Copies	If documents are not in English; certified translation adds cost.
Legal / Agent Fees	Optional but many people use migration agents or lawyers; costs vary widely with complexity.
Other Miscellaneous Costs	Biometrics, travel for health/police checks, postage, photography etc.

Note: The required “government charges” are non‑refundable even if visa is refused.

7. Processing Times & Common Delays

The temporary stage (e.g. subclass 820 or 309) often takes many months to process. Offshore vs onshore applications can differ.
Once temporary visa granted, moving to permanent stage (801 / 100) also takes time.
Delays often come from missing or old documents (e.g. expired police certificate or medical), unclear relationship evidence, or sponsor not meeting obligations.
Bridging visas: If you apply onshore, you may be granted a bridging visa while waiting. Be sure to maintain your legal stay in Australia.

8. Balance of Family Test (Parent Visas)

For many permanent parent visas (Subclass 103, 143, 804, 864), you must satisfy the Balance of Family Test. Key points:

You must have at least half of your children (biological, adopted or stepchildren) who are eligible children living in Australia as citizens or permanent residents or eligible NZ citizens; or have more eligible children in Australia than in any other single country.
All children count (adopted, step, biological), regardless of age or dependency. † But be careful: children overseas temporarily still count, but proof of residency status needed. Deceased children also need documentation.
If you cannot pass this test, you generally cannot apply for those parent visas permanently. BUT some temporary parent visas (e.g. Subclass 870) do not require the Balance of Family Test.

9. Risks, Pitfalls & Tips for Success

Here are things people often overlook, and how to reduce risk:

Submit everything and keep things updated: As your relationship evolves, or if you move, or documents expire, you need to update the visa application record.
Timely health & police checks: If these expire before visa grant, delays or even refusals may occur. Always check validity times.
Honesty is crucial: Misrepresenting relationship, hiding previous marriages / separations, or finances can lead to refusal or even bans.
Sponsor eligibility: Even if the applicant is fine, the sponsor must meet obligations; failure there can derail the application.
Financial capacity: It may not always be explicitly about income; showing actual ability to support, living arrangements, financial contributions etc. helps.
Travel and visa conditions: Some temporary visas prohibit certain types of travel or have “no further stay” conditions; know what’s allowed.

10. FAQs

Q: Do I have to be married to apply for a partner visa?
A: No. You can apply if you are in a de facto relationship. Most de facto cases require proof of living together for 12+ months (or equivalent) depending on your state.

Q: What if I don’t meet the Balance of Family Test for a Parent visa?
A: Then you generally can’t apply for permanent parent visas like subclass 103, 143 etc. But you may consider temporary parent visa options (e.g. subclass 870) which don’t require the test.

Q: How long is the wait for partner visas?
A: It depends on whether you apply onshore or offshore, how complete your documentation is, how strong your relationship evidence is, and Home Affairs workload. It may take 12‑24 months or more in some cases.

Q: Can my partner/spouse work while I wait for the permanent stage?
A: Usually yes, once the temporary partner visa is granted (820 or 309). It often also gives the right to study. Check visa conditions carefully.

Q: What if we break up before the permanent partner visa is granted?
A: You must notify Home Affairs. The temporary visa could be revoked. If there’s family violence or other complicating factors, there may be safety provisions.

Q: Does Australia grant any visas faster for certain nationalities?
A: Not officially for nationalities, but if your documentation is clean, relationship evidence strong, and you meet all requirements without outstanding issues, that speeds things up. Also, applicants from low “risk” countries may get faster processing.

Example Case Study (Illustrative)

Here’s a fictional example (based on common elements) to show how this works in practice.

Case Study
Maria is married to David, an Australian citizen. They have lived together for 3 years in Sydney. Maria is applying for a Partner Visa (820/801).

What Maria needs to gather:

Marriage certificate
Proof of joint residence: lease agreement in both names, shared utilities, joint bank account
Social evidence: photos together over years, joint holidays, letters from family/friends attesting to relationship, social media posts etc.
Health check & police certificates from all countries Maria has lived in >12 months.
Sponsor (David) needs to pass character and income obligations; may need to show functional English level if required.
Pay application fee ~AUD 9,365; also budget for translations, medicals etc.

Potential issues:

If a document expires during processing (say a police certificate becomes old), application may be delayed or even refused.
If relationship proof is sparse, or cohabitation is recent or interrupted, extra scrutiny may be applied.

Timeline:

Temporary visa (820) grant might take 12‑18 months
Permanent stage (801) may follow after 2 years or once certain requirements have been met

Final Thoughts

Family and partner visas are one of the most emotionally important migration pathways — allowing people to live with loved ones. But they also come with complexity: strict evidentiary requirements, significant costs, sponsor obligations, and long processing times.

If you’re planning to apply in 2025:

Start early. Collect evidence over time.
Keep all your documents valid.
Be transparent and thorough.
Understand both your and your sponsor’s obligations.
Budget not just visa fees but all associated costs.
Consider legal or migration agent help if your case is complex (children, prior marriages, overseas separations etc).

August 22, 2025

How Post-Study Work Rights Can Shape the ROI of International Education

By Shaleem Danish News

This guest article is written by Tim O’Brien and Claire Clifford of INTO University Partnerships, where Tim serves as Senior Vice President for New Partner Development and Claire as Vice President for Pricing, Insights and Research.

A Wall Street Journal piece published on June 4, 2025, highlighted that international students contribute over US$40 billion annually to the US economy. The report also referenced speculation around possible restrictions on Optional Practical Training (OPT)—a program that allows international graduates to gain vital professional experience in the US.

Meanwhile in the UK, the government has signaled its plan to reduce the Graduate Route work visa from two years to just 18 months. Findings from our recent research show that these policy shifts could weaken the foundation of global student mobility. What was once perceived as an additional advantage has become a core element in making overseas study financially sustainable.

Take the example of an Indian student completing a bachelor’s degree at a US private university: without work rights, it could take more than three decades to recover the financial outlay. With just two years of post-study employment, the repayment timeline shrinks by 11 years—and in Canada or Australia, it can be reduced to as little as three. For Chinese students, access to post-study work opportunities can shorten the payback period by nearly six years. (These projections use average graduate earnings in each country and account for standard taxation.)

In every scenario, the data points to the same conclusion: post-study work options significantly accelerate the return on investment, making them not only attractive but essential for students and their families.

China

Years of work in home country needed for Chinese undergraduate students to earn back the equivalent costs of study abroad under three scenarios: (i) stay in study destination, (ii) undertake two years of post-study work in study destination, and (iii) return home immediately after study programme. Source: INTO

Years of work in home country needed for Chinese graduate students to earn back the equivalent costs of study abroad under three scenarios: (i) stay in study destination, (ii) undertake two years of post-study work in study destination, and (iii) return home immediately after study programme. Source: INTO

As the first chart illustrates, a student who graduates in the UK and returns directly to China would face a repayment period of nearly 14 years to cover the full cost of a three-year undergraduate degree at a Russell Group university, including living expenses. With the option of two years of post-study employment, that burden is reduced by about four years. For master’s students, the picture is similar: returning immediately means it takes around 4.6 years to recover the cost of a one-year master’s program, but engaging in post-study work in the UK can cut that time by nearly half.

In another scenario, if the same undergraduate secures a graduate-level role in the UK before heading back home, the repayment window shortens even further—by almost five years—bringing the breakeven point down to just under four years.

India

The data also shows that Indian students who return home right after completing a three-year undergraduate degree at a Russell Group university would need nearly 14 years to earn back the full cost, including living expenses. Choosing a non-Russell Group institution shortens that timeframe by about two years. For master’s students, the recovery is quicker, with the cost of a one-year program being recouped in just under five years if they return home immediately.

If, however, an undergraduate secures graduate-level employment in the UK before heading back, the repayment timeline drops significantly—by more than eight years—allowing them to break even in just five and a half years.

But affordability cannot rest solely on the shoulders of immigration policy. While reducing tuition may not be financially sustainable, universities must innovate in how they deliver programs. Offshore campuses, hybrid learning, and transnational degree structures enable students to begin their studies locally at lower cost and complete them abroad, still gaining the global experience and qualifications employers prize.

These alternatives are expanding quickly. As Dr. Cheryl You wrote in Times Higher Education, “More students are opting for in-country pathways, such as foundation programmes or 2+2 joint degree arrangements between Chinese and Western universities, as more practical and supportive alternatives. In addition, they are increasingly looking beyond traditional overseas study destinations to closer-to-home alternatives, such as Hong Kong, Macao or elsewhere in Asia.”

When it comes to post-study work rights, they remain central to the value proposition of international education. Such opportunities are not about permanent migration, nor do they strain public resources. In the UK, for instance, international graduates on post-study work visas contribute through additional surcharges for access to the National Health Service. Crucially, short-term work experience abroad makes a world-class education more financially viable for students, while supplying host countries with much-needed skills—particularly in high-demand sectors like technology and other knowledge-driven industries.

For both universities and policymakers, the conclusion is unavoidable: a student’s return on investment has become the defining measure of trust in global higher education. Student mobility thrives when the financial equation makes sense for all parties.

Methodology note: Calculations are based on average tuition and living costs across destination countries, paired with graduate starting salaries (after tax) under three different post-graduation scenarios.

Source: https://monitor.icef.com/2025/08/how-post-study-work-rights-can-make-or-break-the-return-on-investment-for-study-abroad/

August 21, 2025

How to Make Friends with Local People in Australia: A Complete Guide

By Shaleem Danish Australia, News

Whether you’re moving to Australia for work, study, or travel, building friendships with local Australians can enrich your experience and help you feel at home. While Australians are known for being friendly, relaxed, and open-minded, forming genuine connections requires effort, understanding, and the right approach. This comprehensive guide will show you how to meet locals, build lasting friendships, and enjoy Australian social life to the fullest.

1. Be Approachable and Friendly

Australians appreciate people who are open, polite, and approachable. A simple smile, maintaining eye contact, and greeting someone with “Hi, how’s it going?” can make a great first impression. Small talk is very common, so asking casual questions about sports, hobbies, or local events can help break the ice.

Tips to keep in mind:

Avoid being overly formal or boastful. Australians value humility and honesty.

Show genuine interest in the conversation, and don’t be afraid to share a little about yourself.

2. Join Social and Community Groups

One of the fastest ways to meet locals is through shared interests. Joining groups that match your hobbies can help you build connections naturally.

Popular options include:

Sports and fitness clubs: cricket, soccer, netball, yoga, or running groups.

Hobby and interest groups: photography, painting, hiking, gaming, or book clubs.

Volunteering: charities, environmental projects, or community events are great for meeting like-minded people.

Not only will these activities help you meet locals, but they also provide opportunities to explore your interests in a social setting.

3. Attend Local Events

Participating in local events is a fantastic way to meet Australians casually.

Festivals and markets: Australia hosts numerous food, music, and cultural festivals throughout the year.

Community workshops: Libraries, councils, and cultural centers often host art, language, and craft workshops.

Sports events and concerts: Attending local games or gigs can help you bond over shared interests.

Being present at these events allows you to naturally strike up conversations and expand your social circle.

4. Leverage University or Workplace Connections

If you are studying or working in Australia, your campus or workplace can be a great starting point for making friends:

Join student societies, clubs, or study groups.

Attend networking events, team lunches, or after-work gatherings.

Participate in campus or workplace volunteer opportunities.

These structured environments make it easier to meet people with similar goals and interests.

5. Use Social Apps and Online Platforms

Technology can make socialising simpler, especially if you’re new to the area.

Meetup: Join local groups for hiking, photography, gaming, or language exchange.

Bumble BFF: Designed for people looking to make friends.

Facebook Groups: Many local communities have groups for events, meetups, and hobbyists.

6. Understand and Respect Local Culture

Understanding Australian culture can help you connect more effectively:

Australians value honesty, humour, and equality.

Light humour and friendly teasing are common, so don’t take things too seriously.

Learning some local slang and colloquialisms can be an excellent conversation starter.

Showing respect for local customs, traditions, and etiquette can make a significant difference in building trust and friendship.

7. Be Patient and Genuine

Friendships take time to grow, and consistency is key.

Follow up after meeting someone new. A simple “It was great meeting you—want to grab coffee next week?” can strengthen a connection.

Show genuine interest in their lives, listen actively, and share your experiences.

Don’t rush the process. True friendships develop gradually through shared experiences and mutual respect.

8. Additional Tips to Make Friends in Australia

Attend sports and hobby events: Australians are sports enthusiasts; joining local games or competitions is a great way to meet people.

Explore outdoor activities: Australia’s beaches, parks, and hiking trails offer natural opportunities to socialize.

Host or join BBQs: Barbecues are a popular social activity in Australia, making them perfect for casual interaction.

Conclusion

Making friends with local Australians can transform your stay in the country from ordinary to unforgettable. By being approachable, joining community groups, attending events, leveraging work or study networks, using social apps, respecting the culture, and being patient, you can build meaningful connections that last a lifetime.

Remember: friendships in Australia often grow from shared experiences, casual interactions, and a genuine interest in people’s lives. Embrace the local lifestyle, stay open-minded, and you’ll soon find your circle of friends growing naturally.

August 15, 2025

Guide to Migrate to South Australia: All You Need to Know (2025)

By Shaleem Danish News

Introduction

Thinking about moving to South Australia? Known for its relaxed lifestyle, affordable living, and strong job opportunities, South Australia (SA) has become a top choice for skilled migrants, students, and families. Whether you’re aiming to settle in Adelaide or regional SA, this guide covers everything you need to know — from visas and jobs to the cost of living and lifestyle.

Why Migrate to South Australia?

Growing economy – Strong demand in health, construction, IT, agriculture, and education sectors. • Affordable living – Adelaide is consistently ranked as one of the most affordable Australian capital cities. Regional migration benefits – Extra visa points, faster processing, and more PR pathways. • Lifestyle – Mediterranean climate, world-class wineries, beaches, and a laid-back vibe.

Visa Options for South Australia

1. Skilled Migration Visas
• Subclass 190 (Skilled Nominated Visa) – Permanent residency, state nomination required.
• Subclass 491 (Skilled Work Regional Provisional Visa) – 5-year visa with pathway to PR after 3 years living and working in SA.
Tip: Check the South Australia Skilled Occupation List regularly for in-demand jobs.

2. Student Visa (Subclass 500)
• Study at universities like University of Adelaide, UniSA, or Flinders University. • Regional study offers extra PR points.

3. Employer-Sponsored Visas • Subclass 482 (TSS Visa) – Work for an approved SA employer. • Pathway to PR through employer nomination.

South Australia State Nomination

The South Australian Government offers state nomination for skilled visas if you meet:
• Occupation on SA’s Skilled Occupation List
• Skills assessment from an approved body
• English language requirements
• Minimum work experience in your occupation

Website to check: migration.sa.gov.au

Jobs in South Australia

High-demand sectors include:
• Construction & Engineering
• Health & Aged Care
• IT & Cybersecurity
• Agriculture & Food Production
• Education & Training

Where to search:

• Seek.com.au
• Indeed.com.au
• IWorkforSA.sa.gov.au (state government jobs)

Lifestyle in South Australia

• Climate – Mild winters, warm summers, plenty of sunshine.
• Outdoor life – Beaches, parks, wine regions, and hiking trails.
• Culture – Festivals like Adelaide Fringe and WOMADelaide.
• Family-friendly – Good schools, healthcare, and safe suburbs.

Step-by-Step Migration Process

1. Check your occupation on the SA Skilled Occupation List.
2. Get a skills assessment from the relevant authority.
3. Meet English requirements (IELTS, PTE, or equivalent).
4. Submit Expression of Interest (EOI) via SkillSelect.
5. Apply for SA state nomination (if needed).
6. Lodge your visa application with the Department of Home Affairs.
7. Prepare for arrival – accommodation, finances, and job search.

Tips for a Successful Move to South Australia

• Apply early — state nomination quotas fill quickly.
• Consider regional cities like Mount Gambier, Port Augusta, or Whyalla for more job and PR opportunities.
• Join local community groups for networking.
• Keep all documents certified and ready for your visa.

Final Thoughts

Migrating to South Australia in 2025–2026 can be a life-changing decision. With its mix of job opportunities, affordable lifestyle, and multiple PR pathways, it’s one of Australia’s most welcoming destinations for skilled migrants and students.
If you prepare well and understand the visa process, you can enjoy a smooth transition to life in Adelaide or regional SA.

March 13, 2025

International degree graduates of Canadian colleges no longer have to meet “field of study” requirements for post-study work permits

By Shaleem Danish News

Immigration, Refugees, and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) has revised its requirements so that international students in degree programmes delivered by Canadian colleges will now no longer have to meet a field-of-study requirement to be eligible for a Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP). That requirement had been put in place in 2024 for Canadian colleges but not universities, and it was part of an effort by the Canadian government to apply heavier scrutiny to the international education sector.

“Graduates of college degree programs will no longer be required to meet the PGWP field of study requirement,” said Canadian Bureau for International Education CEO Larissa Bezo, who was commenting on the rule change on LinkedIn.

Contributing to the field-of-study restriction was research showing that international students have been disproportionately represented in business programmes in Canada, particularly in colleges located in urban centres. By contrast, in the US, more than half of international students across degree levels are enrolled in STEM programmes.

Number of study permits approved or extended to international students in Canada by field of study, 2018–2023. Business studies have been the most popular field for international students coming to Canada. Source: CBC/IRCC

Rupa Banerjee, an associate professor at Toronto Metropolitan University who holds the Canada Research Chair in the economic inclusion of immigrants, told CBC News in 2024: “Students are graduating from programs that are not particularly valuable in the labour market, that are not allowing them to get the jobs that will then allow them to transition and become productive Canadian permanent residents.”

The new wording on the IRCC website clarifies that once again, students graduating from all Canadian bachelor’s and master’s degree programmes – whether from universities or colleges – are eligible for the PGWP if they meet language requirements.

IRCC states that international students graduating from degree programmes delivered by colleges or universities are eligible for the PGWP.

Undue discrimination

While Canadian colleges have tended to enrol about twice the number of international students in business programmes as universities have, the fact is that those colleges are often highly adept at graduating students with niche skills needed by the Canadian economy – whether in business or other sectors.

The reversal of the field-of-study requirement for Canadian colleges goes some way to levelling the playing field for Canadian colleges recruiting students overseas. That said, it may take some time for Canadian colleges to restore their standing in key markets. The uncertainty and disruption inflicted by immigration policies that affected their business far more than that of Canadian universities has been severe.

On 2 October 2024, Canada’s peak body for public colleges, Colleges and Institutes Canada (CICan) wrote about the policy bias and overly general understanding of “labour market needs”:

“The reforms single out public colleges to prove their programs align with national labour market needs – determined by Ottawa – in order to be considered an eligible field of study for a post-graduate work permit. New eligibility restrictions also make a false distinction between the quality and relevance of college and university bachelor’s degrees approved by their provinces.

Ottawa’s decision to align programs with national needs creates a fundamental disconnect between the pressing needs of local labour markets and the essential contributions of skilled international graduates from the over 10,000 diploma and bachelor’s degree programs in high demand fields across our network. We believe this disconnect needs to be addressed with urgency.”

Given how popular Canada’s PGWP programme is among international students, Canadian colleges will now be able to go forward on a stronger footing when recruiting foreign degree students.

January 18, 2025

Temporary Graduate Visa Application Cost to Increase from 1 February 2025

By Shaleem Danish News

The Migration Amendment (Temporary Graduate Visa Application Charge) Regulations 2024 introduces a one-off increase in the Visa Application Charge (VAC) for the Subclass 485 Temporary Graduate Visa, effective 1 February 2025.

New Application Charges

Initial Subclass 485 Visa Applications:

Primary applicant: $2,235
Secondary applicant (over 18 years): $1,115
Secondary applicant (under 18 years): $560

Subsequent Subclass 485 Visa Applications:

Applicable to holders of a Subclass 485 visa in the Post‑Study Work, Post‑Higher Education Work, or Replacement streams applying for the Post‑Higher Education Work stream.

Primary applicant: $880
Secondary applicant (over 18 years): $440
Secondary applicant (under 18 years): $225

Component	Current charge	1 Feb 2025
Base application charge	$1945	$2235
Additional applicant charge for an applicant who is at least 18	$975	$1115
Additional applicant charge for an applicant who is less than 18	$490	$560
*For those who already hold a Subclass 485 (Temporary Graduate) visa and are applying for a subsequent one*
Base application charge	$765	$880
Additional applicant charge for an applicant who is at least 18	$385	$440
Additional applicant charge for an applicant who is less than 18	$195	$225

January 3, 2025

Market snapshot: International student recruitment in Pakistan

By Shaleem Danish News

FAST FACTS

Capital: Islamabad

Population: More than 250 million (2024)

Youth population: Two-thirds of the population is under 30

Median age: 20.5

GDP: US$375 billion (2024)

Currency: Pakistan rupee (PKR)

Official languages: English and Urdu

Main language of instruction: English (especially in private schools) and Urdu (especially in public schools).

English proficiency: “Low” according to the EF Proficiency Index, and 10th of 23 countries in Asia.

Religion: Islam

Geography: Pakistan is in South Asia. It shares borders with Iran to the west, Afghanistan to the northwest and north, China to the northeast, and India to the east and southeast.

Outbound students: Over 100,000

Preferred destinations: UK, China, UAE, Australia, US, Malaysia

Top student cities: Lahore, Karachi, Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Faisalabad, and Peshawar

Pakistan is becoming an increasingly valuable recruiting ground for educators in leading destinations. A large segment of high-school and college-aged Pakistani students are interested in study abroad, and nearly half of Pakistan’s population is under the age of 20.

Market fundamentals

The market fundamentals are in some ways very strong. According to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Pakistan’s youth demographic is the largest in the world. Nearly two-thirds of the population is under the age of 30.

Pakistan is third, after only China and India, in terms of the size of its college-aged population. The British Council expects growth in Pakistani outbound mobility to be among highest in the world over the next decade, along with China, India, Nigeria, and Bangladesh.

Unfortunately, Pakistan is also a country where there is massive income inequality and limited opportunities for youth. The Commonwealth’s Youth Development Index for 2023 found that in South Asia, Pakistan is one of two countries that ranks “low.” WENR has written:

“Failure to integrate the country’s legions of youngsters into the education system and the labour market could turn population growth into what the Washington Post called a ‘disaster in the making … putting catastrophic pressures on water and sanitation systems, swamping health and education services, and leaving tens of millions of people jobless’—trends that would almost inevitably lead to the further destabilisation of Pakistan’s already fragile political system.”

Pakistan’s gross tertiary enrolment (GER) ratio was only 13% in 2023, according to UNESCO. This is much lower than in India, and lower than in Bangladesh and Sri Lanka as well. Of 109 countries UNESCO profiled in 2021, Pakistan’s tertiary GER was 100th. Given Pakistan’s huge college-aged population, there is serious unmet demand for higher education.

There are currently 4.5 million Pakistani students in secondary education (grades 9–10), and 2.5 million in upper-secondary education (grades 11–12). More than 25 million children aged 5–16 are “out-of-school” (36% of the cohort’s total population, a proportion similar to that in Nigeria).

Far more girls than boys do not complete school for a range of factors, including poverty and traditional views about the role of women. The literacy rate is 68% for adult men and 46% for adult women.

Regional disparities and opportunities

A Pakistani student’s access to education depends greatly on their household income, gender, and region. Just over a third (36%) of the population lives in cities, where there is more wealth and literacy, and where more schools are considered “functional.” In the poorest areas, many schools lack running water, plumbing, and electricity.

In an excellent report published in 2024 focused on regional opportunities in Pakistan, the British Council considers that, at the city level:

“Lahore, Karachi, and Islamabad will continue to provide the bulk of outbound students simply because of their population size. Second-tier cities, however, are proliferating. Faisalabad is large and fast-growing. Peshawar has begun to emerge as the next major city for outbound students….

Second-tier smaller cities are also seeing strong growth in demand for study abroad, especially in the Punjab (Gujranwala, Sialkot, Gujrat, Multan). Their economic growth lies in their connection to the bigger metropolitan areas, with a four or five-hour drive seen as an acceptable connection time. Important and growing industries in these second-tier cities mean that families have money to pay for education. Hence, industry growth has been matched by rapidly growing education provision. Large private school networks are also spreading out from the major cities to the smaller ones. These feed students directly into higher education.”

Further, students prefer certain destinations depending on where they live in the country:

“Punjab, the largest and most populated region in Pakistan, is the largest contributor to student mobility to the UK. The UK has consistently been the top study destination, mainly through strong family connections with many fourth-generation families having well-established businesses in UK cities. Many political and business leaders of Pakistan from the region have also studied in the UK.
In Islamabad and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, students mainly choose between the UK, North America and Australia. Often, the UK is not the top destination choice.
Pakistan’s south region has the smallest population and includes Karachi and a few smaller cities. Students from this region mainly choose the US as a study destination.”

Outbound mobility trends

Leading destinations are all recording significant increases in Pakistani enrolments, and demand is especially high for postgraduate studies. Successive governments of Pakistan have slashed educational budgets, and one implication has been the closure of many graduate programmes, which is driving outbound mobility at this level.

Recent data on which destinations are hosting the most Pakistani students include:

UK: 34,690 in 2022/23 (+50% y-o-y)
China: 28,000 before the pandemic
UAE: 24,865 in 2020 according to UNESCO
Australia: 23,380 in 2023 (+49%)
US: 10,165 in 2022/23 (+16%)
Germany: 8,210 in 2022/23 (+22%)
Kyrgyzstan: 6,000 in 2020 according to UNESCO
Malaysia: 5,000 in 2023
Canada: 4,750 in 2023 (+101%)
Turkey: 2,385 in 2020 according to UNESCO
Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Sweden, Qatar: At least 4,000 in 2020 according to UNESCO

Malaysian institutions are currently recruiting intensively in Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia has been increasing its scholarships for Pakistani students.

Meanwhile, educators in Canada, the US, and UK understand that while Chinese and Indian demand for study abroad remains high, it can be easily disrupted by immigration policies and geopolitics. It is worth noting that:

ApplyBoard found that January to June 2024, Pakistani student demand for the UK grew by over 30% compared to the same period in 2023.
Studyportals found that Pakistan was second only to India in terms of growth in demand for study abroad between 2022 and 2024 and that its share of enrolments, among the top-five student sending markets, is trending upward.

Trend in share of total enrolments for the top five origin countries, 2019–2023. Pakistan and India are trending upward in terms of enrolments abroad. Source: Studyportals

Transnational education

Thousands of Pakistanis are currently pursuing foreign degrees online, and they may soon be able to study for these degrees in-person in Pakistan. Pakistan’s Higher Education Commission (HEC) launched a revised transnational education policy in September 2024 that opens the door for foreign branch campuses. According to Times Higher Education:

“Under the policy, foreign institutions can offer degree programmes in Pakistan if they are among the 700 top-ranked universities in the world. There are also specific requirements around local contexts, with institutions required to ‘strictly comply with and respect the constitutional provisions, local laws, and the ideology of Pakistan.’”

The British Council reports that “HESA data show that 11,715 students in Pakistan are taking UK qualifications through transnational education, with most choosing distance and online models.”

Middle-class pressures

After slowing in 2023 (following devastating floods in 2022), the Pakistani economy has recovered somewhat, and the Pakistani rupee has stabilised a bit relative to the US dollar. The agricultural sector was the main reason for growth, up 6% in 2024 compared with overall GDP growth of 2.5%. But the situation remains difficult, as you can see in the following chart from KPMG comparing economic indicators in Pakistan and India in 2024 versus 2023.

Middle-class pressures

Pakistan’s economy is more fragile than India’s. Source: KPMG

A 2017 estimate by Pakistani market research firm Aftab Associates put 40% of Pakistanis in the middle class, up substantially from previous years. But this proportion may be shrinking.

The middle class is shaky and dynamic due to a lack of internal structural stability in the economy. Pakistan is incredibly dependent on loans and other packages from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and allies such as Saudi Arabia, UAE, and China. For the 24th time, the IM F approved a new loan in September 2024 in an “ongoing effort to strengthen macroeconomic stability, address deep structural challenges, and create conditions for a stronger, more inclusive, and resilient growth.”

In the meantime, Pakistanis are struggling due to persistently high inflation rates and currency fluctuations.

“The lower middle class has been really hit in the last few years,” Javaid Ghani, pro vice chancellor at Karachi’s Al Ghazali University, told the Wall Street Journal earlier this year. Many households “are struggling to hold on to the markers of a middle-class life as they are buffeted by higher food and energy prices.”

Pakistan’s independent newspaper, The Friday Times, featured an article in August 2024 that explained how current economic trends affect students aiming to study abroad:

“One of the primary challenges Pakistani students face in their quest to study abroad is financial affordability. Tuition fees, living expenses, and currency exchange rates often present insurmountable barriers for many Pakistani families because the value of the Pakistani Rupee has sunk to such depths that a single US dollar (August 7, 2024) costs around Rs278.5. Because of these circumstances, even the wealthiest people in Pakistan are forced to lead modest lives in developed countries. Managing spending becomes extremely challenging as the Pakistani currency’s value has diminished by more than 100%.”

When they undertake a cost analysis, Pakistani students find that overseas university tuition is surprisingly and excessively expensive. The ordinary Pakistani cannot afford the cost of international flights, rent, food, and transportation. In a developed foreign country, one can only purchase a cup of coffee with a monthly wage of Rs12,000 in Pakistan.”

As difficult as study abroad may be to afford, many families remain determined to secure a quality higher education for their children abroad, driven by a sense of hopelessness about opportunities in Pakistan. An Ipsos poll conducted in the summer of 2024 found that only 1 in 10 Pakistanis believe their country is headed in the right direction.

Muhammad Khan, a restaurant manager in the northern city of Rawalpindi who turns his fridge off in the day and works two jobs but who still cannot make ends meet, told the Wall Street Journal:

“The lower middle class, like us, is now just posing as white collar. Honestly, we are in the poor class now. Seeing the political situation, I have no hope.”

Private schools

Where there is hope, however, is in Pakistan’s thousands of private schools. These have ballooned from 3,000 in 1982 to 137,000+ in 2024. Almost half of Pakistani children attend private schools – many of them from lower-income households.

A fascinating study by researchers at Harvard explores what is behind the popularity of Pakistan’s for-profit, non-religious, fully autonomous private schools. It investigates why middle-class and poorer families are able to send their children to these schools, and finds:

“The key element in their rise is their low fees. They hire predominantly local, female, and moderately educated teachers who have limited alternative opportunities outside the village. Hiring these teachers at low cost allows the savings to be passed on to parents through low fees ….

At the time of writing, a typical private school in a village in Pakistan charged a fee of Rs. 1,000 per year (roughly $18). The countrywide data analyzed shows that fees are low for all the provinces in Pakistan, as well as within rural and urban regions within each province. The analysis shows that in rural areas, the median annual fee roughly translates to $1.50 a month, or less than—much less than a dime a day. Thus, these schools’ fees are affordable even for someone living at the dollar-a-day poverty line established as a global benchmark.”

The researchers also note that affordability does not mean lower quality:

“Despite lower levels of education and training, lower salaries in private schools do not imply lower educational quality. Because private schools are held accountable by parents, who may monitor teacher behavior and can withdraw their children if performance is poor, private schools have full incentives to hire the best available teachers who then exert high effort. Indeed, teacher absenteeism rates appear to be lower and student test scores higher in many private schools as compared to government schools.”

Government support for study abroad

The number of universities in Pakistan has been rising quickly, but quality is a major issue, as is government interference and underfunding. There are over 200 universities and 3,000 degree colleges (which are similar to community colleges) across the country.

To counter domestic higher education issues, the government supports study abroad, not least because personal remittances from Pakistanis abroad compose a significant portion of GDP (over 8% in 2022). The UN says. “The substantial share of remittances highlights the importance of the Pakistani migrant community abroad in the economic development and stability of the country.”

Key motivations for students

Pakistani students are first and foremost interested in accessing a high-quality foreign degree to enhance their career prospects. Affordability is a major concern – and so scholarships are much sought-after. Similarly, the ability to work during studies and post-study work opportunities can make the difference in decision-making about where to go.
Source: https://monitor.icef.com/2024/10/market-snapshot-international-student-recruitment-in-pakistan/

December 17, 2024

Requirement for Temporary Graduate visa – Post Higher Education Work (PHEW) and National innovation visa

By Shaleem Danish News

Graduate visas Sc 485

Migration Amendment (Graduate Visas No. 2) Regulations 2024 – this instrument includes an express definition of ‘degree’, specifically for the purposes of the Sc 485 visa and ensures that the Sc 485 visa criteria operate as intended following the 1 July 2024 changes to the Sc 485 Post Higher Education Work (PHEW) stream.

Following this, it requires an applicant for an initial Subclass 485 visa in PHEW stream, in the period six (6) months immediately before the application for that visa was made, to have completed one or more degrees for award by an Australian educational institutions as a result of a course or courses:

that are registered courses; and
that were completed in a total of at least 16 calendar months; and
that were completed as a result of a total of at least two (2) academic years study; and
for which all instruction was conducted in English; and
that the applicant undertook while in Australia as the holder of a visa authorising the applicant to study

This instrument commences on 14 December 2024.

Ministerial Direction 112 – National Innovation Visa Sc 858

As per section 8 of Ministerial Direction 112 (MD 112) the order of priority for allocating applications for the Sc 858 National innovation visa (NIV) are the following:

Priority one- Exceptional candidates from any sector who are global experts and recipients of international ‘top of field’ level awards. This includes but are not limited to Nobel Prizes; Breakthrough Prizes; Rousseeuw Prize; Eni Award; Institution of Electrical Engineers Medal of Honor; Fields Medal; Chern Medal; Abel Prize; L’Oreal-UNESCO Award for Women in Science; Turing Award; ACM Prize in Computing; Pulitzer Prize; International Booker Prize; International Tchaikovsky Competition Gold Medal; Olympic Gold Medal and Laureus World Sportsman or Sportswoman of the year.
Priority two- Candidates from any sector nominated on the approved Form 1000 by an expert Australian Commonwealth, State or Territory Government agency.
Priority three- Candidates with exceptional and outstanding achievementsin a Tier One sector:
- Critical Technologies
- Health Industries
- Renewables and low emission technologies
Priority four – Candidates with exceptional and outstanding achievements in a Tier Two sector:
- Agri-food and AgTech
- Defence Capabilities and Space
- Education
- Financial Services and FinTech
- Infrastructure and Transport
- Resources

s 9 of MD 112 specifies that decision makers should have regard to a demonstration of multiple achievements, which may include but are not limited to:

receipt of a national research grant in Australia or overseas indicating that the individual is ‘top of their field’ level talent, including from:
- the Australian Research Council; Department of Education Accelerator grants; or other similar level grants;
- equivalent level grants from other countries, such as the United Kingdom research and Innovation Grants program; funding from the EU Commission; funding from the US National Science Foundation.
holding a PhD with high-levels of academic influence or thought leadership in their field, including:
- recent publications in top ranked journals, such as Nature, Lancet or Acta Numerica
- a high h-index for their stage of career, for example an early career researcher with an h-index of 14
- research-based degree from a top global university, for example ranked in top 100 World University Rankings by Times Higher Education
recent keynote appearance at a high-profile international conference, for example Web Summit, International Congress of Mathematicians, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Annual Meeting or International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.
having recognised intellectual property attributed to them, such as holding relevant international patents.
earning at or above the high income threshold (employment offer or current salary) where
- there is written communication from an Australian employer offering employment in Australia with an annual salary equivalent to or higher than the high income threshold; or
- the primary applicant’s current earnings is an amount equal or greater than the high income threshold

In considering exceptional and outstanding achievements for applications under Priority 2 which are for candidates from any sector nominated on the approved Form 1000 by an expert Australian Commonwealth, State or Territory Government agency, decision makers should have regard to a broader range of achievements, which may include but are not limited to:

achievements listed in subsection 9(3) ( all of the above);
top of field level sports and arts awards
evidence of innovative business activities, such as Significant ‘Angel’ Investors with established track record of supporting successful innovative ventures, or having led internationally reputed companies to their Initial Public Offering;
evidence of promising entrepreneurial activities that will lead to the commercialisation of a product or service in Australia or the development of a business or enterprise in Australia, particularly where linked to State or Territory based start-up incubators;
actions by individuals that provide exceptional service to the Australian community, including outstanding work in establishing organisations that improve community cohesion or wellbeing of Australians;
other exceptional achievements in the context of the supporting agency’s strategic priorities.

Source: MIA Notice 31 – Legislative Updates

December 10, 2024

Smoother road to permanent residence for skilled sponsored workers

By Shaleem Danish News

Skilled migrants in occupations of national shortage now have a smoother path to stay in Australia permanently.

From 7 December 2024, changes have been made to the Employer Nomination Scheme (subclass 186) visa.

The changes relate to the Employer Nomination Scheme (ENS) Temporary Residence Transition (TRT) and Direct Entry (DE) streams. They deliver on the Government’s commitment to offer clearer pathways to permanent residence, as outlined in the Migration Strategy.

Changes to Temporary Residence Transition stream

Applicants can count all periods of sponsored employment towards their 2-year work experience requirement. This does not just apply to employment with their sponsor.
Applicants who have been employed in a related field or received a promotion can count this work towards the work experience requirement.
Applicants are required to provide evidence they meet the work experience requirement, rather than the nominating employer.
The Core Skills Income Threshold (CSIT) replaces the Temporary Skilled Migration Income Threshold (TSMIT). This is the same amount of AUD73,150, indexed annually.
Age exemptions under the Temporary Skill Shortage visa still apply under the Skills in Demand visa. These include exemptions for regional medical practitioners and high income applicants. Without an exemption, applicants need to be younger than 45 at the time of application.
Changes to the Temporary Residence Transition stream do not extend to the Regional Sponsored Migration Scheme (subclass 187). This visa closed in 2019, except for certain transitional groups who can access the program in limited circumstances. This access continues for those eligible.

Changes to Direct Entry stream

A modernised single Core Skills Occupation List (CSOL) applies to this stream. This replaces the Medium and Long Term Strategic Skills List. The CSOL is based on labour market analysis and Jobs and Skills Australia stakeholder consultation. It includes occupations in sectors such as:

construction
cyber security
agriculture
health and education.

Find the entire CSOL at New Core Skills Occupation List to target the skills Australia needs.

The CSIT also applies to this stream. It will replace the TSMIT at the same amount of AUD73,150, indexed annually.

December 10, 2024

STEM start-ups get a boost to access skilled workers

By Shaleem Danish News

STEM start-ups can now access accredited sponsorship. This will help attract the workers they need to innovate.

From 7 December 2024, STEM start-ups that have received venture capital funding from a registered Early Stage Venture Capital Limited Partnership can apply to be an accredited sponsor.

Accredited sponsors receive priority processing for nominations and visa applications for:

They will continue to receive priority processing when the Skills in Demand replaces the Temporary Skill Shortage visa on 7 December 2024.

Before we consider a start-up for accredited status we need to approve them as a standard business sponsor.

We have also strengthened the integrity of the accreditation process and will be more strictly enforcing accreditation requirements and sponsorship obligations.

From 7 December 2024 we will also update sponsorship obligations. This means that once a sponsored visa holder leaves their sponsor’s employment, the sponsor doesn’t have to ensure they only work in their nominated occupation.

Temporary employer sponsored visa holders who stop work with their sponsoring employer have up to 180 days at a time and 365 days across their entire visa grant period to:

find a new sponsor
apply for a different visa, or
leave Australia.

December 10, 2024

Exclusive invitation-only visa program for world leading talent begins

By Shaleem Danish News

A new invitation-only permanent visa program for exceptionally talented migrants is now open.

From 7 December 2024 the National Innovation visa (NIV) replaced the Global Talent visa.

It is an exclusive program for migrants with world-leading skills. This may be in areas like advanced robotics, quantum computing and clean energy.

Exceptionally talented individuals need to submit an Expression of Interest (EOI) to the Department of Home Affairs. The department will then invite a select number of people who have made an EOI to apply for a NIV.

We will process invitations to apply and NIV applications according to the following priority order:

Recipients of internationally prestigious awards. This includes: Nobel Prize laureates, Fields Medal recipients, Booker Prize winners or Olympic gold medallists.
Exceptionally talented people in their field who are endorsed by a relevant Australian state, territory or federal government agency.
People with exceptional skills in critical technologies, renewables and low emission technologies and health industries.
Exceptionally talented people in agri-food and ag-tech, resources, defence capabilities and space, education, financial services and fin-tech, and infrastructure and transport.

There is no age limit for the NIV and English language requirements are flexible. We accept EOIs made from overseas or from people already in Australia on a temporary visa.

EOIs for the NIV are valid for 2 years. We may invite you to apply for a visa during this time.

Read more about the National Innovation (subclass 858) visa.

December 3, 2024

Australia Launches Core Skills Occupation List to Streamline Skilled Migration Program

By Shaleem Danish Australia, News

he Department of Home Affairs has released the following information on the news section of its website: On 3 December 2024, the Australian Government announced the release of the Core Skills Occupation List (CSOL). The new CSOL fulfils the Government’s commitment to replace complex, out of date and inflexible occupation lists in our temporary skilled visa program. The CSOL is a single consolidated list, informed by labour market analysis and stakeholder consultations by Jobs and Skills Australia (JSA) that provides access to temporary skilled migration for 456 occupations. The CSOL will apply to the Core Skills stream of the new Skills in Demand visa, which will replace the Temporary Skill Shortage (subclass 482) visa on 7 December 2024. The CSOL will also apply to the Direct Entry stream of the permanent Employer Nomination Scheme (subclass 186) visa. More details on other reform taking place on 7 December 2024, including the Skills in Demand visa and National Innovation visa, will be announced shortly. Members can access this information and the Core Skills List on the Department’s website.

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Tag Archives: Australia

China

India

1. Be Approachable and Friendly

2. Join Social and Community Groups

3. Attend Local Events

4. Leverage University or Workplace Connections

5. Use Social Apps and Online Platforms

6. Understand and Respect Local Culture

7. Be Patient and Genuine

8. Additional Tips to Make Friends in Australia

Conclusion

Introduction

Why Migrate to South Australia?

Visa Options for South Australia

South Australia State Nomination

Jobs in South Australia

Where to search:

Lifestyle in South Australia

Step-by-Step Migration Process

Tips for a Successful Move to South Australia

Final Thoughts

Undue discrimination

New Application Charges

Market fundamentals

Regional disparities and opportunities

Outbound mobility trends

Transnational education

Middle-class pressures

Middle-class pressures

Private schools

Government support for study abroad

Key motivations for students

Changes to Temporary Residence Transition stream

Changes to Direct Entry stream